Fig. 1

Step-by-step of insertion of Memokath stent: A. retrograde angiography is to clarify the location, length, degree of US and hydronephrosis, etc. B. Retrograde insertion of the length-measurement catheter to measure the length of US preciously. C. Balloon may be used when encountering severe stenosis. D, E. Memokath can be inserted and 55ºC of sterile water is infused until full expansion of the proximal end is achieved. F. Retrograde pyelography shows excellent ureter patency and excretion