Fig. 1

(Center) Representative schematic of the perinatal tissues (specifically amnion, chorion and umbilical cord) with respect to the developing fetus. (Left) Hierarchical structure of the amnion (blue) which includes the epithelial layer, basement membrane, a compact layer, and a fibroblast layer. An intermediate spongy layer (grey) separates the amnion and chorion. The chorion (red) consists of a reticular layer, basement membrane, and trophoblast layer. Right: (Right) The umbilical cord contains two umbilical arteries, one vein. These elements are surrounded by Wharton's jelly (WJ) which together, are encased within a layer of amnion